(Jewish Political Studies Review, 4Nov2008) Rivkah Fishman-Duker - For nearly twenty different ancient Greek and Roman pagan authors from the third century BCE to the third century CE, Jerusalem definitely was a Jewish city. An examination of these texts indicates unanimous agreement that Jerusalem was Jewish by virtue of the fact that its inhabitants were Jews, it was founded by Jews, and the Temple, located in Jerusalem, was the center of the Jewish religion. Despite the negative views of Jews and Judaism expressed by authors such as Manetho, Apion, Tacitus and Juvenal, the Jewish identity of Jerusalem is always clear and never a subject of dispute.
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